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Project directory according to Nr.3.2 BNBest-BMBF98 <http://www.fz-juelich.de/ptj/datapool/page/490/Schlussbericht.rtf> 8 Progress in the field at other places
at www.DendroRemediation.de/2004publi/index.htm AmericaIn the USA predominantly poplar trees (Populus spec.) are used for the dendroremediation of heavy metals, nitrogen (nitrate, ammonia) or radionuclides. Little information is available about the usages of coniferous trees for remediation purposes of organics. This may be due to the difficulties of conifer cultivation. Target compounds of dendroremediation investigation with deciduous trees are, among others, pesticides (e.g. atrazin), halogenated pollutants (chlorinated solvents, e.g. trichloroethylene, wood preservatives) volatile and semi-volatile petrol products, BTEX, formaldehyde, and undefined landfill leachates and explosives (see pdf-file: EPA-report600/R-99/107, Appendix B, 2000, [#Lit. 12] ). The phytoremediation of explosives is investigated in plant based leachate or groundwater cleaning procedures in "constructed wetlands" with emers and submerse growing plant species. In some cases these wetland plants are tested in full-scale experiments. Examples for the phytoremediation of explosive-contaminated water are Milan Army Ammunition Plant, Milan Tennessee (TNT, RDX, HMX, DNT), Volunteer Army Ammunition Plant, Chattanooga, Tennessee und Iowa Army Ammunition Plant, Middletown, Iowa. It is to consider, however, that the concentrations of these waters are relatively low (in the µg per liter range) and that the phytotolerance of wetland plants to explosives is much lower than the tolerance of trees to those compounds. The potential of poplars for the dendroremediation of explosives is examined in the group around Jerald Schnoor in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering of the university of Iowa (e.g. #Lit. 9, #Lit. 10). Dendrotoxicity experiments with TNT and ADNT using hybrid poplars are planned [#Lit. 4]. EuropeIn Denmark dendroremediation effects of willows on the soil a former gasoline filling station is examined [#Lit. 14]. In Germany investigations regarding the suitability of trees for the sanitation of explosives-contaminated soils are planned by the Wasag-Decon GmbH (Haltern-Sythen, Wesfalia, Germany). There, phytoremediation experiments with herbaceous plants (Medicágo sativa, Carex buchananii und Miscanthus sinensis) were successful. [#Lit. 1]. In the context of the BMBF-Joint project “Bioremediation of Hazardous Abandoned Armament Sites” a project of the University of Bremen (Germany) in co-operation with UMWELTSCHUTZ NORD GmbH & Co./Ganderkesee is the remediation project "TANNE" accomplished with the title: "A phytoremediation method to clean up a TNT contaminated site at Clausthal-Zellerfeld (Germany)", [#Lit. 2, #Lit. 3, #Lit. 13]. There, TNT-containing soil was intensively homogenized to a 30-cm depth and planted with elder (Sambucus nigra), aspen (Populus tremula) and Norway spruce (Picea abies). Tree planting was combined with the addition bark, of litter-decaying fungi (Pleurothus ostreatus, Trametes versicolor) and mycorrhiza-fungi (Pisolithus tinctoris, Paxillus involutus). A very complex chemical-biological monitoring program includes measurements of soil contamination, of soil solutions and the use of a comprehensive ecotoxicological test battery. For details, click the link. A joint final report with our project is published in 2003 (see below).
last update: 08.12.04 19:09
by Bernd Schoenmuth
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